the National Opinion Research Centre at the University of Chicago said. The study produced two national pride scales — one on pride in specific achievements such as the arts, history, the armed forces, the economy and sports, and the second on general, overall national pride that measured perceived international influence and national aspirations. In the general pride category Austria came out first. The rest of the top 15 in the overall pride rankings were, in order, the United States, Bulgaria, Hungary, Canada, The Philippines, New Zealand, Japan, Ireland, Spain, Slovenia, Norway, Poland, Britain and Russia. The top 15 countries in terms of national pride in specific achievements were Ireland, the United States, Canada, Austria, New Zealand, Norway, Britain, The Netherlands, Japan, Spain, The Philippines, the former West Germany, Sweden, Bulgaria, and the former East Germany. The bottom eight rankings in the pride in specific accomplishments list from lowest up were Latvia, Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Italy and Slovenia. The bottom of the list for overall national pride ranked, from last upward, Slovakia, the former East Germany, the former West Germany, Latvia, Italy, the Czech Republic, Sweden and the Netherlands. The survey also found that younger people have less overall pride than their elders. This may reflect growth of globalism and multi-lateralism or perhaps is a reaction to the nationalistic extremism of the Second World War. The researchers also said they found the Welsh are prouder of being part of Britain than people in Great Britain generally.